Differences in rate of wing fray between Glossina species.

Differences exist in the rate of wing fray, as shown by correlation with ovarian age as a time scale, and thus presumably flight activity, for Glossina pallidipes, G. f. fuscipes, G. morsitans, G. tachinoides, G. palpalis s.l. and G. palpalis gambiensis. The wings of females fray more slowly than males for all the above species. Female G. palpalis s.l. in the forest habitat of Ivory Coast seem on this basis to be considerably less active than other flies considered. G. p. gambiensis females are more active in the dry season, than the wet season in Upper Volta, as judged by wing fray and this is the first time a seasonal viration in rate of wing fray has been observed as far as we are aware.