Lindner H R, Zor U, Kohen F, Bauminger S, Amsterdam A, Lahav M, Salomon Y
Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res. 1980;8:1371-90.
We examined the role of prostaglandins in three pivotal events of the female reproductive cycle: ovulation, luteolysis, and menstruation. Four general approaches were adopted, using in vivo and in vitro models: use of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and of PG action; immunoneutralization of individual prostaglandins; administration of exogenous prostaglandins; and attempts to correlate PG levels in tissues and body fluids to physiologic events. It can be concluded that prostaglandins or related metabolites of arachidonic acid are essential in laboratory rodents for follicular rupture and the release of a fertilizable oocyte, but not for other LH actions on the follicle that are mimicked by PG or for the neuroendocrine triggering of ovulation. PGs control the cyclic regression of the corpus luteum and appear also to be implicated in the decidual reaction and in the menstrual shedding of the endometrium in primates. Some aspects of the control of follicular PG formation and of PG action were analyzed. Gonadotropins stimulate follicular PG synthesis by a steroid-independent cyclic nucleotide-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase. Both the thecal and granulosa cell compartments show this response. An effect of the phytolectin conconalavin A on ovarian PG synthesis is described. The response of follicular cells to prostaglandin E2 exhibits the phenomenon of desensitization and is influenced by agents modifying the structure and function of cytoskeletal elements. Evidence is put forward for the view that abrogation by PGF2 alpha of the stimulatory action of LH on luteal adenylate cyclase is the biochemical basis of the luteolytic action of this prostaglandin. While the precise mechanism of PG action on the endometrium remains to be defined, PG-synthetase inhibitors have already found useful applications in the management of menstrual disorders, such as functional dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. The role in ovarian and uterine physiology of the more recently discovered labile arachidonate metabolites, such as the endoperoxides, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes, has not yet been adequately explored.
排卵、黄体溶解和月经。采用了四种通用方法，使用体内和体外模型：使用环氧化酶抑制剂和前列腺素作用抑制剂；对单个前列腺素进行免疫中和；给予外源性前列腺素；以及试图将组织和体液中的前列腺素水平与生理事件相关联。可以得出结论，前列腺素或花生四烯酸的相关代谢产物对于实验啮齿动物的卵泡破裂和可受精卵子的释放至关重要，但对于前列腺素模拟的促黄体生成素对卵泡的其他作用或排卵的神经内分泌触发并非必需。前列腺素控制黄体的周期性退化，并且在灵长类动物中似乎也与蜕膜反应和子宫内膜的月经脱落有关。分析了卵泡前列腺素形成和前列腺素作用控制的一些方面。促性腺激素通过环氧化酶的类固醇非依赖性环核苷酸介导诱导刺激卵泡前列腺素合成。卵泡膜细胞和颗粒细胞区室均表现出这种反应。描述了植物凝集素伴刀豆球蛋白A对卵巢前列腺素合成的影响。卵泡细胞对前列腺素E2的反应表现出脱敏现象，并受改变细胞骨架成分结构和功能的试剂影响。有证据支持这样的观点，即前列腺素F2α对促黄体生成素刺激黄体腺苷酸环化酶作用的废除是该前列腺素黄体溶解作用的生化基础。虽然前列腺素对子宫内膜作用的确切机制仍有待确定，但前列腺素合成酶抑制剂已在月经紊乱的治疗中得到了有益应用，如功能性痛经和月经过多。最近发现的不稳定花生四烯酸代谢产物，如内过氧化物、前列环素和血栓烷，在卵巢和子宫生理学中的作用尚未得到充分探索。
