Berge T, Bergqvist D, Efsing H O, Hallböök T
Clin Radiol. 1978 Nov;29(6):691-6. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(78)80207-4.
In order to estimate the rate of local complications of phlebography we studied a one-year series of 477 patients. Half of the patients were examined with a comparatively highly concentrated contrast medium and half with a more diluted one. Eight patients had local complications, verified by biopsy and/or thermography and plethysmography. One had a deep vein thrombosis, five had a superficial thrombosis and two had a skin necrosis. There were more complications after the use of the more concentrated medium, six against two. The frequency of clinically significant complications to phlebography is rather low, but high enough to warrant attention to the risks of the method. The concentration of the contrast medium should be as low as possible, and the time that the vessels are exposed to the chemical trauma as short as possible. A hypothesis is brought forward that skin necrosis with slow healing could be secondary to arterial thrombosis caused by extravasal contrast injection.
为了评估静脉造影的局部并发症发生率，我们对477例患者进行了为期一年的研究。一半患者使用浓度相对较高的造影剂进行检查，另一半患者使用稀释度更高的造影剂。8例患者出现局部并发症，经活检和/或热成像及体积描记法证实。1例发生深静脉血栓形成，5例发生浅静脉血栓形成，2例发生皮肤坏死。使用浓度较高的造影剂后并发症更多，分别为6例和2例。静脉造影具有临床意义的并发症发生率相当低，但足以引起对该方法风险的关注。造影剂浓度应尽可能低，血管暴露于化学创伤的时间应尽可能短。有人提出一种假说，即愈合缓慢的皮肤坏死可能继发于造影剂外渗注射引起的动脉血栓形成。
