Kagan J, Lapidus D R, Moore M
Child Dev. 1978 Dec;49(4):1005-23.
A follow-up investigation of 35 boys and 33 girls 10 years old who had been assessed originally at 4, 8, 13, and 27 months old did not reveal strong relations between infant variables such as attentiveness, vocal excitability, irritability or activity, on the one hand, and reflection-implusivity, intelligence quotient, or reading ability at age 10. A suggestive relation was found between assimilative smiling during infancy and a reflective attitude on the Matching Familiar Figures Test and between a slow tempo of play during infancy and longer response time on a specially constructed Embedded Figures Test at age 10. Although attentiveness during infancy predicted IQ and reading ability at age 10, both infancy and childhood variables were positively correlated with social class, suggesting that experiences associated with the social class of the parents, rather than particular infant qualities, were the more important predictors of the cognitive variables at age 10. Children with high EMG levels from the flexor forearm tended to be slightly more impulsive at age 10 and less attentive at 27 months, even when the effect of social class was removed.
对35名男孩和33名女孩进行了跟踪调查，这些孩子最初在4个月、8个月、13个月和27个月时接受过评估，结果显示，一方面，婴儿期的注意力、声音兴奋性、易怒性或活动等变量与10岁时的反应-冲动性、智商或阅读能力之间没有密切关系。研究发现，婴儿期的同化性微笑与匹配熟悉图形测试中的反思态度之间存在一种暗示性的关系，婴儿期较慢的游戏节奏与10岁时在专门构建的镶嵌图形测试中较长的反应时间之间也存在这种关系。虽然婴儿期的注意力可以预测10岁时的智商和阅读能力，但婴儿期和童年期的变量都与社会阶层呈正相关，这表明与父母社会阶层相关的经历，而非特定的婴儿特质，才是10岁时认知变量更重要的预测因素。即使排除了社会阶层的影响，来自前臂屈肌的肌电图水平较高的孩子在10岁时往往更冲动，在27个月时注意力也更不集中。
