Webster B H
Anaesth Intensive Care. 1980 May;8(2):115-9. doi: 10.1177/0310057X8000800203.
Haemolytic transfusion reactions can be defined as the occurrence after transfusion of measurably increased destruction of red cells, of donor or recipient, by alloantibodies. They may be acute (occurring within 24 hours of transfusion) or delayed (when signs of red cell destruction do not occur until 4 to 10 days after transfusion). The severest signs and symptoms of acute reactions follow intravascular red cell lysis and progress to anaemia, fever, haemoglobinuria and jaundice. The subjective responses of pain, restlessness, nausea, skin flushing, dyspnoea and shock are mediated by cleavage products of complement (C3a, C5a) activated by red cell antigen-antibody reaction. The bleeding and renal failure complications that follow are multi-factoral in aetiology but also stem from the activation of intravascular clotting and from the vasomotor disturbances following histamine and kinin release.
溶血性输血反应可定义为输血后，供体或受体的红细胞因同种抗体而出现可测量的破坏增加。它们可能是急性的（在输血后24小时内发生）或延迟性的（当红细胞破坏的迹象直到输血后4至10天才出现）。急性反应最严重的体征和症状是血管内红细胞溶解，进而发展为贫血、发热、血红蛋白尿和黄疸。疼痛、烦躁不安、恶心、皮肤潮红、呼吸困难和休克等主观反应是由红细胞抗原-抗体反应激活的补体裂解产物（C3a、C5a）介导的。随后出现的出血和肾衰竭并发症病因是多因素的，但也源于血管内凝血的激活以及组胺和激肽释放后的血管运动紊乱。
