Barton W I
Int J Addict. 1980 Feb;15(2):233-58. doi: 10.3109/10826088009040011.
In January 1974, the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, assisted by the Census Bureau, interviewed 10,400 inmates of state correctional facilities. Results from this survey were applicable to 191,400 inmates, which was the estimated population of all state correctional facilities at the time of the survey. Findings showed that an estimated 61% of the 191,400 inmates stated they had used drugs such as heroin, methadone, cocaine, marijuana, amphetamines, or barbiturates at some point in their lives, without a doctor's prescription and outside of a treatment program. A greater percentage of inmates presently convicted of property crimes (61%) had ever used drugs than inmates convicted of violent crimes (56%)--a difference which becomes greater when inmates convicted of robbery are removed from the violent crime category, particularly since seven out of every 10 inmates presently convicted of robbery had ever used drugs. Around one out of every four inmates stated they were using drugs daily, or almost daily, at the time of any of their present offense(s) resulting in imprisonment. Around one in every three inmates presently convicted of robbery was using drugs daily at this time. Classifying inmates according to daily drug use at this time resulted in the finding that a significantly smaller proportion of inmates with daily drug use at this time were presently convicted of "violent crimes" (41%) than inmates with no drug use (57%). In this survey, inmates were asked if they were under the influence of any drugs at the time of any of the offense(s) causing their present imprisonment. Around one in four of all inmates responded affirmatively to this question. Inmates were asked if they had been drinking at the time of any of the offenses resulting in their being in prison at this time. Four out of every 10 stated they had. Taken together with other drugs, six out of every 10 inmates were either under the influence of drugs, or had been drinking, at the time of any of the offenses causing imprisonment now. When the population was asked about enrollment in drug treatment programs, responses were that only 4% of all inmates were enrolled at the time of any of the present offenses resulting in imprisonment, while around 9% had been enrolled in drug treatment prior to the time of their present offenses.
1974年1月，执法援助管理局在人口普查局的协助下，对10400名州立惩教机构的囚犯进行了访谈。此次调查的结果适用于191400名囚犯，这是调查时所有州立惩教机构的估计人口数。调查结果显示，在这191400名囚犯中，估计有61%的人表示他们在人生的某个阶段曾在没有医生处方且未参加治疗项目的情况下使用过海洛因、美沙酮、可卡因、大麻、安非他命或巴比妥酸盐等毒品。目前因财产犯罪被定罪的囚犯中，曾使用过毒品的比例（61%）高于因暴力犯罪被定罪的囚犯（56%）——当把因抢劫被定罪的囚犯从暴力犯罪类别中剔除时，这种差异会变得更大，特别是因为目前每10名因抢劫被定罪的囚犯中就有7人曾使用过毒品。大约每4名囚犯中就有1人表示，在导致他们目前入狱的任何一次犯罪行为发生时，他们每天或几乎每天都在使用毒品。目前每3名因抢劫被定罪的囚犯中就有1人在此时每天使用毒品。根据此时的每日吸毒情况对囚犯进行分类后发现，此时每日吸毒的囚犯中，目前因“暴力犯罪”被定罪的比例（41%）明显低于不吸毒的囚犯（57%）。在这项调查中，囚犯们被问及在导致他们目前入狱的任何一次犯罪行为发生时，他们是否受到任何毒品的影响。所有囚犯中约有四分之一对这个问题给出了肯定回答。囚犯们被问及在导致他们此时入狱的任何一次犯罪行为发生时，他们是否饮酒。每10名囚犯中有4人表示他们饮酒了。如果把其他毒品也考虑在内，每10名囚犯中有6人在导致入狱的任何一次犯罪行为发生时，要么受到毒品影响，要么饮酒了。当询问这些囚犯参加戒毒治疗项目的情况时得到的答复是，在导致目前入狱的任何一次犯罪行为发生时，所有囚犯中只有4%的人参加了戒毒治疗项目，而在目前犯罪行为发生之前，约有9%的人曾参加过戒毒治疗。
