Deimann W, Fahimi H D
Lab Invest. 1980 Aug;43(2):172-81.
Granulomas were induced in rat liver by the injection of glucan, a beta-1,30-polyglucose with an activating effect on macrophages. The livers were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and processed for cytochemical localization of peroxidase (PO) as well as for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. By light microscopy the granulomas appeared as spherical cell clusters located throughout the liver parenchyma. They exhibited strong PO activity at the periphery with weak to negative reaction at the center. Most granulomas were in direct continuity with adjacent sinusoids. Morphometry revealed that the volume of granulomas increased to about 10 per cent of the total parenchymal volume at 10 days after glucan treatment, decreasing to less than 2% at 90 days. By scanning electron microscopy most cells at the periphery of granulomas were covered with numerous blebs and ruffles, the typical surface features of activated macrophages. By transmission electron microscopy the typical granulomas consisted of mononuclear phagocytes, giant cells, and a few lymphocytes. The phagocytes, as identified by phagocytosis of glucan, exhibited three distinct PO patterns: (1) strong PO activity in the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum with no activity in cytoplasmic granules; (2) weak or absent reaction in nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum with no PO-positive granules in cytoplasm; and (3) absent reaction in nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum but with a few strongly stained cytoplasmic granules. The first cell type, resembling Kupffer cells, was found mainly at the granuloma periphery. The second cell type, identified ultrastructurally as epithelioid cells, and the third cell type, with PO features of monocytes, were found mainly in the center of granulomas. The multinucleated giant cells which were also present in the center of granulomas exhibited weak to negative PO reaction in nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum and contained large numbers of glucan particles. These observations suggest that most cells in the center of the granulomas, including the giant cells, are derived from blood monocytes. The mononuclear phagocytes at the periphery, on the other hand, seem to be for the most part former Kupffer cells.
通过注射葡聚糖（一种对巨噬细胞有激活作用的β-1,30-聚葡萄糖）在大鼠肝脏中诱导形成肉芽肿。肝脏通过戊二醛灌注固定，并进行过氧化物酶（PO）的细胞化学定位以及扫描和透射电子显微镜检查。光镜下，肉芽肿表现为遍布肝实质的球形细胞簇。它们在外周表现出强烈的PO活性，而在中心则呈弱阳性至阴性反应。大多数肉芽肿与相邻的肝血窦直接相连。形态计量学显示，葡聚糖处理后10天，肉芽肿体积增加至约占实质总体积的10%，90天时降至不到2%。扫描电子显微镜观察发现，肉芽肿外周的大多数细胞表面有大量泡状突起和褶皱，这是活化巨噬细胞的典型表面特征。透射电子显微镜观察显示，典型的肉芽肿由单核吞噬细胞、巨细胞和少量淋巴细胞组成。通过吞噬葡聚糖鉴定的吞噬细胞表现出三种不同的PO模式：（1）核膜和内质网中有强烈的PO活性，细胞质颗粒中无活性；（2）核膜和内质网中反应微弱或无反应，细胞质中无PO阳性颗粒；（3）核膜和内质网中无反应，但有一些强染色的细胞质颗粒。第一种细胞类型类似于库普弗细胞，主要见于肉芽肿外周。第二种细胞类型在超微结构上鉴定为上皮样细胞，第三种细胞类型具有单核细胞的PO特征，主要见于肉芽肿中心。肉芽肿中心也存在的多核巨细胞在核膜和内质网中表现出弱阳性至阴性的PO反应，并含有大量葡聚糖颗粒。这些观察结果表明，肉芽肿中心的大多数细胞，包括巨细胞，来源于血液中的单核细胞。另一方面，外周的单核吞噬细胞似乎大部分是从前的库普弗细胞。
