Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Biophysics, vvi, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
Molecules. 2011 Sep 15;16(9):7969-79. doi: 10.3390/molecules16097969.
β-glucans are cell wall constituents of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and plants. They are not expressed in mammalian cells, but they are recognized by mammalian cells as pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors and thus act as biological response modifiers. This review summarizes data on the hematopoiesis-stimulating effects of β-glucans, as well as on their ability to enhance bone marrow recovery after an injury. β-glucans have been shown to support murine hematopoiesis suppressed by ionizing radiation or cytotoxic anti-cancer therapy. They also enhance stem cell homing and engraftment. Basically, two forms of β-glucan preparations have been investigated, namely particulate and soluble ones. β-glucans are generally well tolerated, the particulate forms showing a higher incidence of undesirable side effects. Taken together, the hematopoiesis-stimulating properties of β-glucans predetermine these biological response modifiers to ever increasing use in human medicinal practice.
β-葡聚糖是细菌、酵母、真菌和植物细胞壁的组成部分。它们在哺乳动物细胞中不表达，但通过模式识别受体被哺乳动物细胞识别为病原体相关分子模式，从而作为生物反应调节剂发挥作用。本文综述了β-葡聚糖的造血刺激作用及其增强损伤后骨髓恢复能力的数据。β-葡聚糖已被证明可支持受电离辐射或细胞毒性抗癌治疗抑制的小鼠造血。它们还增强了干细胞归巢和植入。基本上，已经研究了两种形式的β-葡聚糖制剂，即颗粒状和可溶性制剂。β-葡聚糖通常具有良好的耐受性，颗粒状制剂表现出更高的不良副作用发生率。总之，β-葡聚糖的造血刺激特性决定了这些生物反应调节剂在人类医学实践中的应用越来越广泛。
