Dawson S V, Elliott E A
Fed Proc. 1980 Aug;39(10):2765-70.
Work on flow limitation in elastic tubes of the body first relied on simple descriptions and intuitive modeling. Mathematical modeling led to the identification of a wave speed mechanism analogous to that of hydraulic flow in sluices and in supersonic nozzles. The basic pulse wave governs in the fluid-filled elastic tube. How this wave speed depends on the pressure-area characteristic of the tube is reviewed, and the determination of maximum flow rates for a given head, as in frictionless flow, is cited. The analysis of flow limitation for significant friction is briefly sketched, and the apparent paradox for viscous dominated flow still involving wave speed is resolved. Example applications include an analysis of density dependence of flow limitations, an exploration of implications concerning area and elastic modules at choke point for expiratory flow data is outlined, and predictions of flow from pressure-area characteristics are made. A summary of how airway system properties affect flow rates is given. Some of the difficulties of using flow data to infer airway properties are cited.
对人体弹性管中流量限制的研究最初依赖于简单描述和直观建模。数学建模促使人们识别出一种类似于水闸和超音速喷嘴中液压流动的波速机制。基本脉搏波在充满流体的弹性管中起主导作用。本文回顾了该波速如何取决于管道的压力-面积特性，并引用了如无摩擦流动中给定水头下最大流速的确定方法。简要概述了显著摩擦情况下流量限制的分析，并解决了粘性主导流动中仍涉及波速的明显矛盾。示例应用包括对流量限制的密度依赖性分析、对呼气流量数据在阻塞点处面积和弹性模量影响的探讨，并根据压力-面积特性进行流量预测。给出了气道系统特性如何影响流速的总结。文中列举了使用流量数据推断气道特性的一些困难。
