Dohlman G F
J Otolaryngol. 1980 Aug;9(4):285-90.
The characteristic symptoms of a Ménière attack--low-tone hearing loss; and nystagmus of long duration, often beating in an ipsilateral direction, eventually changing to a contralateral direction, with a return to normal function between attacks--have all been reproduced in animal experiments by increasing the potassium concentration of the interstitial fluid surrounding the afferent nerve branches from the sensory areas of the inner ear. Several recent experiments of other investigators have shown that a low potassium concentration may increase the action potential frequency. This would explain an ipsilateral nystagmus. Raising the concentration further depresses the action potential frequency, resulting in a contralateral nystagmus. Furthermore, there is evidence indicating that cochlear microphonics might not be affected by increases in the potassium concentration. This seems to indicate that the nerves, and not the hair cells, are engaged in the production of those symptoms dependent on potassium increase. The clinical signs of a similar reaction of the cochlear hair cells in Ménière's cases seem to support the assumption of a similar cause. All the objective symptoms of a Ménière attack, thus, seem to comply with the experimental findings of an endolymphatic potassium contamination of the perilymph spaces around the afferent nerve branches.
梅尼埃病发作的典型症状——低频听力损失；以及长时间的眼球震颤，通常向同侧方向跳动，最终转变为对侧方向，发作间期功能恢复正常——在动物实验中通过提高内耳感觉区域传入神经分支周围间质液的钾浓度均已再现。其他研究人员最近的几项实验表明，低钾浓度可能会增加动作电位频率。这可以解释同侧眼球震颤。进一步提高浓度会抑制动作电位频率，导致对侧眼球震颤。此外，有证据表明，耳蜗微音器电位可能不受钾浓度增加的影响。这似乎表明，产生那些依赖钾增加的症状的是神经，而非毛细胞。梅尼埃病患者耳蜗毛细胞类似反应的临床体征似乎支持了病因相似的假设。因此，梅尼埃病发作的所有客观症状似乎都符合传入神经分支周围外淋巴间隙内淋巴钾污染的实验结果。
