Gietzen D, Vermeersch J A
Public Health Rep. 1980 Jul-Aug;95(4):362-8.
School health records of 332 children through the eighth grade were examined in a retrospective comparative analysis of physical health status and school achievement of children from Head Start and Free School Lunch Programs. The objective was to determine if nutrition early in the lives of children as a part of a comprehensive health and education program such as Head Start produces greater or different benefits for disadvantaged children than nutrition intervention later through free lunches when the child enters school. Cross-sectional longitudinal, and case-study approaches were used in the analysis. A group of no-food-program disadvantaged children and a group of advantaged children served as comparisons. Results showed that advantaged children performed better on all parameters of school achievement and health status compared with the disadvantaged children, regardless of the form of intervention. Measures of school achievement of Head Start and Free Lunch children did not differ from those of the disadvantaged comparison group, but there were significant differences in measures of health status between the disadvantaged groups. Fewer boys from Project Head Start fell below the 25th percentile for height compared with boys in the Free Lunch Program. Head Start children also scored higher in physical fitness and had fewer reported absences from school due to illness.
在一项针对来自“启智计划”和免费学校午餐计划的儿童的身体健康状况和学业成绩的回顾性比较分析中，对332名八年级及以下儿童的学校健康记录进行了检查。目的是确定儿童早期生活中的营养作为“启智计划”等全面健康和教育计划的一部分，是否比儿童入学后通过免费午餐进行的营养干预为弱势儿童带来更大或不同的益处。分析采用了横断面、纵向和案例研究方法。一组没有食品计划的弱势儿童和一组优势儿童作为对照组。结果显示，与弱势儿童相比，优势儿童在学业成绩和健康状况的所有参数上表现更好，无论干预形式如何。“启智计划”儿童和免费午餐儿童的学业成绩指标与弱势对照组没有差异，但弱势组之间的健康状况指标存在显著差异。与免费午餐计划中的男孩相比，“启智计划”中的男孩身高低于第25百分位的人数更少。“启智计划”儿童的身体素质得分也更高，因病缺课的天数也更少。
