Scremin A M, Scremin O U, Brechner T
Stroke. 1980 Sep-Oct;11(5):548-52. doi: 10.1161/01.str.11.5.548.
Survival under hypoxia (5% O2; 95% N2) was tested in mice 1 day to 50-weeks-old. Survival Rate (ratio of number of animals that survived 30 min under 5% O2 to total number of animals exposed) and the time from onset of exposure until the last gasp (Survival Time) were maximum in newborn animals and decreased as a function of age. Survival Rate and Survival Time were strongly influenced by drugs affecting cholinergic transmission. Atropine decreased the high survival under hypoxia of 1-week-old mice in a dose-related manner. Physostigmine increased survival under hypoxia in mice 3 to 50-weeks-old. This effect was not related to a peripheral action of the drug since it was not mimicked by neostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor without central actions. Moreover, peripheral cholinergic blockade with glycopyrrolate, a quaternary cholinergic blocker, did not prevent the protective effect of physostigmine. Since atropine impairs the ability of very young mice to survive hypoxia and physostigmine improves survival at later ages, it is concluded that a central cholinergic mechanism, possibly related to blood flow regulation, plays a significant role in the acute adaptation to hypoxia.
在1日龄至50周龄的小鼠中测试了其在低氧环境（5%氧气；95%氮气）下的存活率。存活率（在5%氧气环境下存活30分钟的动物数量与暴露动物总数的比率）以及从暴露开始到最后喘息的时间（存活时间）在新生动物中最高，并随着年龄的增长而降低。存活率和存活时间受到影响胆碱能传递的药物的强烈影响。阿托品以剂量相关的方式降低了1周龄小鼠在低氧环境下的高存活率。毒扁豆碱提高了3至50周龄小鼠在低氧环境下的存活率。这种作用与药物的外周作用无关，因为没有中枢作用的胆碱酯酶抑制剂新斯的明无法模拟这种作用。此外，季铵类胆碱能阻滞剂格隆溴铵对外周胆碱能的阻断并不能阻止毒扁豆碱的保护作用。由于阿托品损害了非常年幼小鼠在低氧环境下的存活能力，而毒扁豆碱提高了较年长小鼠的存活率，因此得出结论，一种可能与血流调节有关的中枢胆碱能机制在急性低氧适应中起重要作用。
