The central tendency effect in stimulus generalization: the effect of sex of subject.

Eighty male and 80 female college students were shown a stimulus light of 525 nm, following instructions to remember it, and then were immediately tested for generalization (recognition) with a successively presented set of stimuli including 525 nm and six longer wavelength values. Subjects rated each test stimulus on a 6-point scale ranging from "surely same" as the original stimulus to "surely different." Both men and women showed a central tendency shift. Although the stimulus perceived as most likely to be the original (the mode) shifted to 545 nm in both groups, the men showed a greater mean shift than the women. Shifting was nearly complete in both groups within the first series of test stimuli with the men shifting faster. These findings replicate a 1972 report by Giurintano of greater central tendency shift in men than in women in a line angle generalization task, challenging an assumed analogy between our generalization task and the rod-and-frame test, in which women typically show the greater distortion. The analysis of central tendency shift within the first test series reveals that it occurs much earlier than previously believed.