Expression of neuronal specificities in "transdifferentiating" cultures of neural retina.

Cells dissociated from the neural retina of embryonic chick differentiate into lens and pigment cells, when cultured in vitro. Using 3.5-day-old and 8.5-day-old chick embryos, we examined whether neuronal specificities would be expressed in such transdifferentiating cultures of neural retinal cells. The synthesis of acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the activity of choline acetyl transferase (CAT) was searched for in these cultures. The synthesis of an appreciable amount of these two putative neurotransmitters was detected in cultures of 3.5-day-old embryonic retinas by about 15 days. The activity of CAT was maximum in 7-day cultures of the 3.5-day-old materials and in 2-day cultures of the 8.5-day-old materials, and then decreased. Concomitant with the decrease of CAT-activity, delta-crystallin became detectable and increased thereafter. CAT-activity changed in parallel with the increase in the number of small neuroblast-like cells in cultures. The results demonstrate that the neuronal specificity identified by the appearance of acetylcholine and GABA and of the enzyme for the synthesis of acetylcholine is expressed in the early period of transdifferentiating cultures, which would later differentiate into lens and pigment cells. The possible mechanisms of the transition from neuronal to non-neuroretinal specificities of the transdifferentiating cultures are discussed.