Holland M K, White I G
Fertil Steril. 1980 Nov;34(5):483-9. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)45142-3.
The toxicity to human spermatozoa of seven metals (nickel, palladium, platinum, silver, gold, zinc, and cadmium) and one alloy (brass: 80% copper, 20% zinc) related to copper was assessed in vitro. Only brass and cadmium significantly reduced the percentage of motile unwashed spermatozoa; however, washing the spermatozoa increased the spermicidal effectiveness of both brass and cadmium and also resulted in a significant reduction in motility caused by zinc and silver. Oxygen consumption by once-washed spermatozoa was apparently increased by zinc and brass, but the high rate of oxidation of these metals confounds interpretation of their effect. Silver caused a decline in the oxygen uptake of spermatozoa. Silver, zinc, brass, and, to a lesser extent, cadmium decreased the quantity of glucose utilized by spermatozoa and also decreased the glucose oxidized. Accumulation of lactate by washed spermatozoa was impaired severely by zinc and less severely by brass and cadmium.
体外评估了七种金属（镍、钯、铂、银、金、锌和镉）以及一种与铜有关的合金（黄铜：80%铜，20%锌）对人类精子的毒性。只有黄铜和镉显著降低了未洗涤的活动精子的百分比；然而，洗涤精子会提高黄铜和镉的杀精效果，同时也会导致锌和银引起的精子活力显著降低。锌和黄铜明显增加了一次洗涤后精子的耗氧量，但这些金属的高氧化率混淆了对其作用的解释。银导致精子的摄氧量下降。银、锌、黄铜以及程度较轻的镉减少了精子利用的葡萄糖量，也降低了葡萄糖的氧化。锌严重损害了洗涤后精子中乳酸的积累，黄铜和镉的损害程度较轻。
