Williams G J, Caveney S
J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1980 Aug;58:13-33.
The spatial rearrangements that take place during metamorphosis in the abdominal sternites and associated retractor muscles of the beetle Tenebrio molitor are described. This paper provides the descriptive background needed to consider whether a morphogenetic gradient is involved in specifying the position at which adult muscle attachments develop. (Experimental work in support of this gradient hypothesis is published in a companion paper.) The ventral abdominal retractor muscles are extensively remodelled at metamorphosis so that the adult muscles differ considerably in appearance from the larval muscles from which they are derived. In particular, there is a change in both the absolute and relative positions of the sites of muscle attachment. Rearrangement of muscles takes place during both the prepupal period and the pupal stage. It is achieved by means of two separate and temporally distinct mechanisms. Epidermal remodelling in the pre-pupal period results in the movement of attached retractor muscles (epidermokinetic muscle movement). In the pupal stage, however, the muscles move over the basal surface of the epidermis (myokinetic muscle movement). Myokinetic movements may be brought about by extension of myoblast processes from the metamorphosing muscles. These findings are considered in terms of Poyarkoff's theory that the pupa serves as an integumental mould, approximating the shape of the adult, within which certain adult muscles develop.
描述了黄粉虫腹部腹板及其相关牵缩肌在变态过程中发生的空间重排。本文提供了必要的描述性背景，以探讨形态发生梯度是否参与确定成虫肌肉附着位置的指定过程。（支持该梯度假说的实验工作发表在一篇配套论文中。）腹部腹侧牵缩肌在变态过程中会进行广泛重塑，因此成虫肌肉在外观上与它们所源自的幼虫肌肉有很大差异。特别是，肌肉附着位点的绝对位置和相对位置都发生了变化。肌肉重排在预蛹期和蛹期都会发生。这是通过两种独立且在时间上不同的机制实现的。预蛹期的表皮重塑导致附着的牵缩肌移动（表皮运动性肌肉移动）。然而，在蛹期，肌肉在表皮的基底面移动（肌动性肌肉移动）。肌动性移动可能是由变态中的肌肉成肌细胞突起的延伸引起的。这些发现是根据波亚尔科夫的理论来考虑的，该理论认为蛹充当一个外皮模具，近似成虫的形状，某些成虫肌肉在其中发育。
