Landesman-Dwyer S, Sackett G P, Kleinman J S
Am J Ment Defic. 1980 Jul;85(1):6-17.
The daily behavior of 240 mentally retarded residents and 75 staff members was analyzed in relation to facility size (ranging from 6 to 20 residents) and other environmental variables. For the 20 group homes studied, staff behavior was remarkably homogeneous and generally unrelated to facility characteristics. In contrast, resident behavior differed significantly across group homes. In larger facilities, residents engaged in more social behavior, particularly with peers, and were more likely to have intense, reciprocal friendships than were those in smaller facilities. Despite more enriched staff:resident ratios in the smaller homes, amount of staff-resident interaction was not related to size. Overall, other environmental variables--such as location and social grouping--were more closely associated with observed behavior patterns than was size.
对240名智障居民和75名工作人员的日常行为进行了分析，分析内容涉及机构规模（容纳6至20名居民）及其他环境变量。在所研究的20个集体之家，工作人员的行为非常一致，且通常与机构特征无关。相比之下，不同集体之家的居民行为差异显著。在规模较大的机构中，居民会有更多的社交行为，尤其是与同龄人，而且比起规模较小机构的居民，他们更有可能拥有深厚、相互的友谊。尽管规模较小的集体之家员工与居民的比例更高，但员工与居民的互动量与机构规模并无关联。总体而言，与规模相比，其他环境变量——如地点和社会分组——与观察到的行为模式联系更为紧密。
