Jain N C, Budd R D, Sneath T C, Olson B, Leung W J, Chinn D
Int J Addict. 1978 Nov;13(8):1319-25. doi: 10.3109/10826087809039345.
The results are presented from the analysis of 10,000 urine specimens from Los Angeles County probationers in early 1976 for the following drugs: amphetamine, methamphetamine, allylbarbital, amobarbital, butabarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, morphine, codeine, methadone, primary metabolite of methadone, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, propoxyphene, norpropoxyphene, methaqualone, and phencyclidine. Over 27% of the urine samples analyzed were positive for at least one drug. Opiates were found to be the most widely used drugs, but multiple drug use was also quite common.
研究结果来自于1976年初对洛杉矶县缓刑犯的10000份尿液样本进行的分析,检测的药物包括:苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺、烯丙基巴比妥、异戊巴比妥、丁巴比妥、戊巴比妥、苯巴比妥、速可眠、吗啡、可待因、美沙酮、美沙酮的主要代谢产物、可卡因、苯甲酰爱康宁、丙氧芬、去甲丙氧芬、甲喹酮和苯环利定。在分析的尿液样本中,超过27%的样本至少对一种药物呈阳性反应。发现阿片类药物是使用最广泛的药物,但同时使用多种药物的情况也相当普遍。