Roberts W W
J Comp Neurol. 1980 Dec 1;194(3):617-38. doi: 10.1002/cne.901940309.
Rats having hypothalamic electrodes that elicited gnawing, eating, and drinking in free-moving tests received intermittent electrical stimulation for 45 min following i.v. injection of [14C] deoxyglucose. Autoradiographs of regional brain glucose utilization were made by the method of Sokoloff et al. ('77). To maximize the detectability of first-order neuronal effects and minimize potentially complex transsynaptic effects, baseline metabolism and synaptic transmission were reduced by light barbiturate anesthesia. Laterally asymmetrical increases in glucose utilization indicative of elicited activity were largely coterminous with the known projections of the lateral hypothalamus and some projections of adjoining areas, indicating that most first-order efferents were above threshold for deoxyglucose visualization, while most transsynaptic effects were subthreshold. Although the majority of hypothalamic projections were similarly affected in control rats that received hypothalamic stimulation that elicited other responses, a number were activated significantly less than in the rats whose electrodes induced gnawing, eating, and drinking. Chief among these areas was a continuous descending pathway from the ventral tegmental area through the lateral tegmentum to the cuneiform and parabrachial nuclei. Smaller and/or less reliable increases above controls were found in the dorsomedial caudate-putamen, the posterolateral zona incerta, the anterior lateral central gray, the caudal linear nucleus, the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, the pontine tegmental nucleus, and a previously undescribed pathway lying medially between the pontine medial lemniscus and cerebral peduncle. These areas, especially the lateral tegmental and parabrachial zone, are the most likely candidates for the pathways and/or destinations of the directly excited efferents or fibers of passage that constitute the first link in the elicitation of gnawing, eating, and drinking by lateral hypothalamic stimulation. Since self-stimulation and exploratory activity were elicited by control as well as experimental electrodes, they are probably dependent on other projections among those affected similarly in both groups.
在自由活动测试中，下丘脑电极能引发啃咬、进食和饮水行为的大鼠，在静脉注射[14C]脱氧葡萄糖后接受了45分钟的间歇性电刺激。采用Sokoloff等人（1977年）的方法制作了区域脑葡萄糖利用的放射自显影片。为了最大限度地提高一级神经元效应的可检测性，并尽量减少潜在的复杂跨突触效应，通过轻度巴比妥类麻醉降低了基础代谢和突触传递。表明引发活动的葡萄糖利用的侧向不对称增加，在很大程度上与下丘脑外侧的已知投射以及相邻区域的一些投射是同步的，这表明大多数一级传出纤维高于脱氧葡萄糖可视化的阈值，而大多数跨突触效应低于阈值。尽管在接受引发其他反应的下丘脑刺激的对照大鼠中，大多数下丘脑投射受到类似影响，但有一些区域的激活明显低于电极诱发啃咬、进食和饮水行为的大鼠。这些区域中最主要的是一条从腹侧被盖区经外侧被盖到楔形核和臂旁核的连续下行通路。在背内侧尾状核 - 壳核、后外侧未定带、前外侧中央灰质、尾侧线性核、外侧背侧被盖核、脑桥被盖核以及位于脑桥内侧丘系和大脑脚之间内侧的一条先前未描述的通路中，发现了比对照稍小和/或不太可靠的增加。这些区域，特别是外侧被盖和臂旁区，最有可能是构成下丘脑外侧刺激引发啃咬、进食和饮水行为的第一个环节的直接兴奋传出纤维或传导纤维的通路和/或目的地。由于对照电极和实验电极都能引发自我刺激和探索活动，它们可能依赖于两组中受类似影响的其他投射。
