McFadden D M, Houston C S, Sutton J R, Powles A C, Gray G W, Roberts R S
JAMA. 1981 Feb 13;245(6):581-6.
Thirty-nine healthy subjects were examined before and after a stay at 5,360 m by ophthalmoscopy and by retinal photography. Twenty of them were also tested for visual acuity, scotomata, and capillary leakage. Vascular engorgement and tortuosity and disc hyperemia were seen in all subjects at altitude and are a "normal" response to hypoxia. Twenty-two (56%) of the subjects had retinal hemorrhages and one showed "cotton-wool spots". These changes are abnormal reactions and are considered high-altitude retinopathy. After maximal exertion on a cycle ergometer, fresh hemorrhages were observed in seven of 34 subjects. The incidence of hemorrhage associated with exercise was significantly greater than predicted. Fluorescein leakage was noted after exercise in eight of 20 persons tested and was associated with exercise-induced hemorrhages. Two persons developed premacular hemorrhages.
39名健康受试者在海拔5360米处停留前后接受了检眼镜检查和视网膜摄影。其中20人还进行了视力、暗点和毛细血管渗漏测试。所有受试者在高原时均出现血管充血、迂曲和视盘充血，这是对缺氧的“正常”反应。22名（56%）受试者出现视网膜出血，1名出现“棉絮斑”。这些变化是异常反应，被认为是高原视网膜病变。在进行自行车测力计最大运动后，34名受试者中有7人出现新的出血。与运动相关的出血发生率明显高于预期。在接受测试的20人中，有8人在运动后出现荧光素渗漏，且与运动诱发的出血有关。2人出现黄斑前出血。
