McConaghy N
Act Nerv Super (Praha). 1980 Jun;22(2):138-51.
Anxiety is identified with a state of high arousal. Agoraphobia is differentiated from specific phobias which are inherent responses to situations which threatened primitive man. In agoraphobia, attacks of high arousal are produced by situations which delay ongoing activity. It is hypothesised that such delays produce arousal by activating behavior completion mechanisms. Evidence is reviewed which indicates desensitization has a specific effect in agoraphobia but not in specific phobias. It is suggested that desensitization reduces the arousal produced by behavior completion mechanisms. -- Aversive therapy in homosexuality reduces the subjects' drive to carry out compulsive sexual behaviors but does not alter sexual orientation. It is suggested that the compulsive sexual behaviors are not activated by primary sexual drive but by behavior completion mechanisms. Aversive therapy reduces the arousal produced by the behavior completion mechanisms. -- A similar mode of action is advanced for desensitization and aversive therapy. Both inhibit arousal by establishing a focal experimental neurosis which results from alternation of excitatory and inhibitory impulses.
焦虑与高度唤醒状态相关。广场恐惧症与特定恐惧症不同，特定恐惧症是对威胁原始人的情境的固有反应。在广场恐惧症中，高度唤醒发作是由延迟正在进行的活动的情境所引发的。据推测，这种延迟通过激活行为完成机制产生唤醒。文中回顾了相关证据，这些证据表明脱敏疗法在广场恐惧症中有特定效果，但在特定恐惧症中则不然。有人认为，脱敏疗法可降低行为完成机制产生的唤醒。——同性恋厌恶疗法可降低受试者进行强迫性性行为的驱力，但不会改变性取向。有人认为，强迫性性行为不是由原发性性驱力激活的，而是由行为完成机制激活的。厌恶疗法可降低行为完成机制产生的唤醒。——脱敏疗法和厌恶疗法具有相似的作用方式。两者都通过建立由兴奋性和抑制性冲动交替引起的局灶性实验性神经症来抑制唤醒。
