Acquired nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula.

Acquired tracheoesophageal fistulas are rare and for the most part are due to a malignant tumour. Acquired nonmalignant fistulas, even more rare, are most commonly the result of trauma or infection. The authors describe two such cases seen at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, one in 1968, the other in 1978. Both patients were successfully treated by surgical excision of the fistula. The authors review the literature with respect to the cause, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment and conclude that acquired nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistulas may be treated successfully by operation with minimal morbidity and mortality.