Lau V K, Viano D C, Doty D B
J Trauma. 1981 Jan;21(1):39-41.
Cardiac trauma can be experimentally produced by blunt impulsive impact over the cardiac apex in the anesthetized canine. A gradation of myocardial injury, including transient arrhythmia, contusion, and lethal ventricular fibrillation, can be produced by varying the power of the charge in a modified captive bolt pistol. Ballistics experiments were conducted to quantify the velocity, energy, and trajectory of impacts produced by the modified captive bolt pistol using various charges. Correlation of the impact data with the previously reported levels of trauma indicates that a 24 m/s impact with 178 joules of available energy results in lethal ventricular fibrillation with extensive myocardial contusion. Blunt impact at 17 m/s with 102 joules causes serious myocardial injury and at 13 m/s with 67 joules causes minor transient arrhythmia.
心脏创伤可通过在麻醉犬的心尖部进行钝性冲击实验产生。通过改变改良式栓式枪击发器的装药能量，可造成一系列心肌损伤，包括短暂性心律失常、挫伤和致命性心室颤动。进行了弹道学实验，以量化使用不同装药时改良式栓式枪击发器产生的冲击速度、能量和轨迹。冲击数据与先前报道的创伤水平的相关性表明，24米/秒的冲击和178焦耳的可用能量会导致致命性心室颤动并伴有广泛的心肌挫伤。17米/秒的钝性冲击和102焦耳会导致严重的心肌损伤，而13米/秒的冲击和67焦耳会导致轻微的短暂性心律失常。
