Neufang K F, Mödder U, Beyer D
Rontgenblatter. 1981 Jan;34(1):9-14.
The ureterocele is a cystic ballooning of the terminal ureter into the bladder resulting from a congenital weakness of the wall of the lower ureter and a facultative concomitant stenosis of the ureteral orifice. This condition is more frequent in females. The cobra head with its surrounding halo is the most common finding on the excretory urogram in the simple adult ureterocele. In ectopic ureterocele which is principally encountered in children, the ureter terminates either at the bladder neck or in the proximal urethra. The urogram shows filling defect in the bladder which may extend into the female urethra. Ureteral duplication, dilatation of the upper urinary tract, vesico-ureteral reflux, chronic infection and ureteral stones are the most frequent additional findings and complications.
输尿管囊肿是末端输尿管向膀胱内呈囊性扩张，由输尿管下段壁先天性薄弱以及输尿管口继发性狭窄所致。这种情况在女性中更为常见。在单纯性成人输尿管囊肿的排泄性尿路造影中，最常见的表现是“眼镜蛇头”及其周围的光晕。异位输尿管囊肿主要见于儿童，输尿管终止于膀胱颈或尿道近端。尿路造影显示膀胱内充盈缺损，可延伸至女性尿道。输尿管重复畸形、上尿路扩张、膀胱输尿管反流、慢性感染和输尿管结石是最常见的其他表现及并发症。
