Bernoth E, Link M, Weise W, Donat H, Knak J, Kapitza W, Kemnitz P
Zentralbl Gynakol. 1980;102(6):334-45.
Male infertility is common. It usually is attributable to impaired maturation of germinal cells. The causes are related to the following factors: 1. Defective development of the gonadal ridge; 2. Abnormality of chromosomes; 3. Disorders in pituitary function; 4. Exogenous effects; 5. Unknown aetiology. -- Differentiation is difficult between those causes which often cannot be discovered at all. Therefore, assessment of male infertility is undertaken with reference to findings obtained from seminal, histological, immunological, cytogenetic, and hormonal tests as well as from electron microscopy.
男性不育很常见。通常归因于生殖细胞成熟受损。其病因与以下因素有关：1. 性腺嵴发育缺陷；2. 染色体异常；3. 垂体功能紊乱；4. 外源性影响；5. 病因不明。——这些病因之间往往根本无法区分。因此，男性不育的评估需参考精液、组织学、免疫学、细胞遗传学、激素检测以及电子显微镜检查的结果。
