Ikemoto H, Watanabe K, Mori T, Igari J, Oguri T, Kondou T, Kobayashi K, Satou K, Matsumiya H, Saito A
Juntendo University School of Medicine.
Jpn J Antibiot. 1995 Aug;48(8):965-98.
Isolated bacteria from respiratory tract infections were collected since 1981 in cooperation with institutions located throughout Japan, and have been investigated for their sensitivities to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics and reported by IKEMOTO, et al. Relationships between these isolates and backgrounds of the patients were also studied each year. These results are discussed in detail in this report. In 20 institutions around the entire Japan from October 1991 to September 1992, 631 strains of bacteria were isolated mainly from sputa of 529 patients with respiratory tract infections and tentatively determined to be etiological agents. MICs of various antibacterial agents and antibiotics against 96 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 112 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 111 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 114 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non-mucoid), 41 strains of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, 39 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucoid), Klebsiella pneumoniae and some others, were determined, and the drug sensitivities of these strains were determined except for the strains that had been killed during transportation: 1. S. aureus. S. aureus strains for which MICs of methicillin were higher than 4 micrograms/ml (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) accounted for 58.3% and the frequency of the drug resistant bacteria increased over previous year's 42.5%. As shown by the MICs, arbekacin was active as vancomycin against all the strains on S. aureus. 2. S. pneumoniae: Benzylpenicillin among the penicillins showed a potent activity against S. pneumoniae. Cefuzonam, cefmenoxime, cefozopran and cefotaxime among the cephems showed excellent antimicrobial activities against S. pneumoniae. Imipenem; a penem antibiotic, showed the most potent activity with MIC80 of 0.03 micrograms/ml. 3. H. influenzae: Activities of all drugs were excellent against H. influenzae strains tested. Ampicillin showed MIC80 of 1 micrograms/ml against H. influenzae. Cefuzonam showed the most potent activity among cephems, it completely killed all bacteria at MIC 0.06 micrograms/ml. Cefotaxime and cefmenoxime showed next most potent activities with MIC80s of 0.06 micrograms/ml. The antimicrobial activity of ofloxacin was equivalent to those of cephems. 4. P. aeruginosa (mucoid). Ciprofloxacin and tobramycin showed the most potent activities against P. aeruginosa (mucoid), and their MIC80s were 4 micrograms/ml. 5. P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid): Similarly, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin showed the most potent activities against P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid) with MIC80 of 2 micrograms/ml. Comparing to activities against P. aeruginosa (mucoid), all the drugs tested showed lower activities against P. aeruginosa (non-mucoid). 6. K. pneumoniae: The activities of all drugs except for penicillins were very high against K. pneumoniae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
自1981年起，与日本各地的机构合作收集呼吸道感染分离出的细菌，并对其对各种抗菌剂和抗生素的敏感性进行了研究，IKEMOTO等人已发表相关报告。每年还研究这些分离菌与患者背景之间的关系。本报告将详细讨论这些结果。1991年10月至1992年9月期间，在日本全国20家机构中，主要从529例呼吸道感染患者的痰液中分离出631株细菌，并初步确定为病原体。测定了各种抗菌剂和抗生素对96株金黄色葡萄球菌、112株肺炎链球菌、111株流感嗜血杆菌、114株铜绿假单胞菌（非黏液型）、41株卡他莫拉布兰汉菌属莫拉菌、39株铜绿假单胞菌（黏液型）、肺炎克雷伯菌等菌株的最低抑菌浓度（MIC），并确定了这些菌株的药敏情况，但运输过程中死亡的菌株除外：1. 金黄色葡萄球菌。甲氧西林MIC高于4微克/毫升的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株（耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌）占58.3%，耐药菌频率高于上一年的42.5%。如MIC所示，阿贝卡星对所有金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的活性与万古霉素相当。2. 肺炎链球菌：青霉素类中的苄星青霉素对肺炎链球菌显示出强大活性。头孢菌素类中的头孢唑南、头孢甲肟、头孢唑肟和头孢噻肟对肺炎链球菌显示出优异的抗菌活性。碳青霉烯类抗生素亚胺培南显示出最强活性，MIC80为0.03微克/毫升。3. 流感嗜血杆菌：所有测试药物对流感嗜血杆菌菌株的活性都很好。氨苄西林对流感嗜血杆菌的MIC80为1微克/毫升。头孢菌素类中头孢唑南活性最强，在MIC为0.06微克/毫升时能完全杀死所有细菌。头孢噻肟和头孢甲肟活性次之，MIC80为0.06微克/毫升。氧氟沙星的抗菌活性与头孢菌素类相当。4. 铜绿假单胞菌（黏液型）：环丙沙星和妥布霉素对铜绿假单胞菌（黏液型）显示出最强活性，其MIC80为4微克/毫升。5. 铜绿假单胞菌（非黏液型）：同样，环丙沙星和妥布霉素对铜绿假单胞菌（非黏液型）显示出最强活性，MIC80为2微克/毫升。与对铜绿假单胞菌（黏液型）的活性相比，所有测试药物对铜绿假单胞菌（非黏液型）的活性较低。6. 肺炎克雷伯菌：除青霉素类外，所有药物对肺炎克雷伯菌的活性都很高。（摘要截取自400字）
