Schwartz R G, Goffman L
Program in Speech and Hearing Sciences, Graduate School, City University of New York, NY 10036, USA.
J Speech Hear Res. 1995 Aug;38(4):876-88. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3804.876.
This investigation examined the influence of metrical patterns of words (syllable stress and serial position) on the production accuracy of 20 children (22 to 28 months). The data were productions of six pairs of individualized two-syllable experimental words that referred to unfamiliar objects. Members of each pair differed only in the placement of stress (e.g., ['soti] vs. [so'ti]). Unstressed syllables were much more likely to be omitted, particularly at the beginning of words. Very few stressed syllables and unstressed second position syllables were omitted. One fourth of the word initial unstressed syllables were omitted. Consonant omissions, though few in number, tended to occur in initial position. Assimilation errors were not influenced by stress or serial position. When segmental errors due to syllable omissions were excluded, other consonant errors were not affected by stress or serial position. These findings indicate that young children's productions of syllables are influenced by the metrical patterns of words. However, the trochaic pattern of English is a statistical tendency, not an absolute constraint on two-syllable words. Metrical pattern also does not affect the consonant accuracy in syllables produced.
本研究考察了单词的韵律模式（音节重音和序列位置）对20名儿童（22至28个月）发音准确性的影响。数据来自六对个性化的双音节实验单词的发音，这些单词指代不熟悉的物体。每对单词的成员仅在重音位置上有所不同（例如，['soti]与[so'ti]）。非重读音节更有可能被省略，尤其是在单词开头。很少有重读音节和非重读的第二个音节被省略。四分之一的单词开头非重读音节被省略。辅音省略虽然数量很少，但倾向于出现在开头位置。同化错误不受重音或序列位置的影响。当排除因音节省略导致的音段错误时，其他辅音错误不受重音或序列位置的影响。这些发现表明，幼儿的音节发音受到单词韵律模式的影响。然而，英语的扬抑格模式是一种统计趋势，而非对双音节单词的绝对限制。韵律模式也不会影响所发音节中辅音的准确性。
