Delano M D
Physics Department, Hofstra University, New York, NY 11550, USA.
J Theor Biol. 1995 Aug 21;175(4):517-24. doi: 10.1006/jtbi.1995.0159.
The percentage of normal, red blood cells that are hemolyzed when placed in hypotonic solutions depends on a variety of factors, two important ones being the initial sphericities of the cells and the tonicities to which they are subjected. Other, less well-understood factors that are important in hemolysis are the initial cell volumes, how much free water they contain and the elasticity of the cell membranes. The purpose of this work is to identify the constraints a red cell must satisfy in order to be hemolyzed. Human erythrocyte data is used in a physical model that compares the balance of hydrostatic stresses in sphered cells that are on the verge of hemolysis. For hemolysis to occur we find there is a critical sphericity index that must be exceeded. It depends on tonicity, the initial, fractional water volume in the cells and the maximum fractional area dilation the cell membranes can withstand. Membrane tensile strength and the non-ideal osmotic behavior of hemoglobin are of relatively minor importance. But when they are taken into account, the hemolysis constraint, in the form of a remarkably simple inequality, compares favorably with clinical tests of erythrocyte osmotic fragility.
正常红细胞置于低渗溶液中时发生溶血的百分比取决于多种因素，其中两个重要因素是细胞的初始球形度以及它们所经受的张力。在溶血过程中起重要作用但了解较少的其他因素包括初始细胞体积、细胞所含自由水的量以及细胞膜的弹性。这项工作的目的是确定红细胞发生溶血必须满足的限制条件。人类红细胞数据用于一个物理模型，该模型比较处于溶血边缘的球形细胞中流体静应力的平衡。为了发生溶血，我们发现必须超过一个临界球形度指数。它取决于张力、细胞中的初始分数水体积以及细胞膜能够承受的最大分数面积扩张。膜的抗张强度和血红蛋白的非理想渗透行为相对不太重要。但是当考虑到它们时，以一个非常简单的不等式形式表示的溶血限制与红细胞渗透脆性的临床试验结果相比具有优势。
