Webb W B, Bonnet M H
Biol Psychol. 1978 Sep;7(1-2):29-35. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(78)90040-6.
A questionnaire developed by Ostberg to differentiate 'morning' types from 'evening' types was administered to 100 college students. The actual sleep behavior of the 11 extreme 'morning' types (larks) and the 10 extreme 'evening' types (owls) was monitored for two weeks with a sleep log and the Post-sleep Inventory. Data was collected from the owls for a further two-week period in which the owls had been instructed to attempt to arise at the lark arousal time. In addition to going to bed earlier and getting up earlier than the owls, the larks had a less variable sleep length and awakening time and took shorter naps than the owls. Larks further reported fewer physical problems and less mental activity across the night as well as more adequate sleep than owls, who differed little from the normal college population even after having their awakening time shifted.
向100名大学生发放了由奥斯特伯格编制的用于区分“早晨型”和“夜晚型”的问卷。用睡眠日志和睡眠后问卷对11名极端“早晨型”（云雀型）和10名极端“夜晚型”（猫头鹰型）的实际睡眠行为进行了为期两周的监测。在接下来的两周里，收集了猫头鹰型的数据，在此期间，猫头鹰型被要求尝试在云雀型的唤醒时间起床。与猫头鹰型相比，云雀型不仅上床睡觉和起床更早，而且睡眠时间和唤醒时间的变化更小，午睡时间更短。云雀型还报告称，与猫头鹰型相比，他们身体问题更少，夜间精神活动更少，睡眠更充足。即使将唤醒时间调整后，猫头鹰型与普通大学生群体相比差异也不大。
