Prenatal corticosterone increases spontaneous and d-amphetamine induced locomotor activity and brain dopamine metabolism in prepubertal male and female rats.

Recently, both glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity and glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA levels were found in multiple brain areas, especially in the neuroepithelium during the late prenatal development of the rat brain. To better understand the potential influence of stress on fetal brain development by release of maternal adrenocortical steroids, we have investigated the effects of corticosterone administration to pregnant rats on the locomotor activity of their prepubertal offspring. On day 16 of pregnancy female rats were implanted with either placebo or corticosterone pellets (release of 2.4 mg/day for seven days). After birth their offspring were nursed by foster mothers to avoid any postnatal effects of the corticosterone pellets. At three weeks of age, the offspring were tested for spontaneous motor behaviours. Both male and female offspring from corticosterone treated mothers showed significantly increased spontaneous ambulation, motility and rearing compared to placebo treated groups. No significant sex differences were found in locomotor activity between male and female offspring from placebo groups. Following d-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) treatment, a preferential dopamine releasing agent, we observed a significant increase in ambulation, motility and rearing activity in the male offspring treated with corticosterone. In the female offspring, only the rearing activity was significantly higher after d-amphetamine treatment in the prenatal corticosterone group compared with the placebo treated group. Basal dopamine metabolism (dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio) was increased in the dorsal striatum and ventral striatum of male and female offspring from corticosterone-treated dams. In the male offspring, corticosterone treatment was associated with a disappearance of the right side dominance of dopamine metabolism in the dorsal striatum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)