Anderson C R, McAllen R M, Edwards S L
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
Neuroscience. 1995 Sep;68(1):255-64. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00143-7.
Nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity was found in a subpopulation of sympathetic postganglionic neurons in the cat stellate and lower lumbar ganglia. In the ganglia of other segments such cells were rare. Double staining for tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity and nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity or the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase reaction indicated that nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase reactivity was always co-localized and was confined to tyrosine hydroxylase-negative (presumably cholinergic) ganglion cells, and was present in most of them. The occurrence of nitric oxide synthase in two subpopulations of cholinergic postganglionic neurons was investigated in triple staining experiments. Presumptive sudomotor neurons have been previously defined as scattered cells containing calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity, usually accompanied by vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity: 99% of these contained nitric oxide synthase. Presumptive muscle vasodilator neurons have been previously identified as clumped cells with strong vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity but no calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity: 70% of these contained nitric oxide synthase. Sweat glands were found in the paw pad skin surrounded by varicose fibres showing calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity and vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity, confirming previous work. Such fibres also stained for nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase reactivity, although their staining was relatively weaker than in the corresponding cell bodies. Varicose fibres with the same chemical coding were also found around all large and most medium and small arteries in the paw skin as well as around arteriovenous anastomoses. Fibres with the muscle vasodilator coding (vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity without calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity) were not seen in paw skin. These results suggest that nitric oxide may act as a co-transmitter (with acetylcholine, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide) in sudomotor neurons and (with acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal peptide) in vasodilator neurons. Collateral branches of sudomotor neurons may innervate skin vessels, and release vasodilator transmitters including nitric oxide to cause the vasodilatation which provides the fluid supply for sweat formation. Alternatively, separate vasodilator neurons to skin may share the same chemical code as sudomotor neurons.
在猫的星状神经节和腰下神经节的交感神经节后神经元亚群中发现了一氧化氮合酶样免疫反应性。在其他节段的神经节中，这类细胞很少见。酪氨酸羟化酶样免疫反应性与一氧化氮合酶样免疫反应性的双重染色，或还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸黄递酶反应表明，一氧化氮合酶样免疫反应性和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸黄递酶反应性总是共定位的，且局限于酪氨酸羟化酶阴性（推测为胆碱能）的神经节细胞，并且大多数这类细胞都有此反应。在三重染色实验中研究了胆碱能节后神经元的两个亚群中一氧化氮合酶的存在情况。推测的汗腺运动神经元先前被定义为散在的细胞，含有降钙素基因相关肽样免疫反应性，通常伴有血管活性肠肽样免疫反应性：其中99%含有一氧化氮合酶。推测的肌肉血管舒张神经元先前被鉴定为具有强烈血管活性肠肽样免疫反应性但无降钙素基因相关肽样免疫反应性的聚集细胞：其中70%含有一氧化氮合酶。在爪垫皮肤中发现了汗腺，其周围有显示降钙素基因相关肽样免疫反应性和血管活性肠肽样免疫反应性的曲张纤维，证实了先前的研究工作。这类纤维也显示出一氧化氮合酶样免疫反应性和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸黄递酶反应性，尽管它们的染色相对比相应的细胞体弱。在爪皮肤的所有大血管以及大多数中、小动脉周围以及动静脉吻合处周围也发现了具有相同化学编码的曲张纤维。在爪皮肤中未见到具有肌肉血管舒张编码（血管活性肠肽样免疫反应性而无降钙素基因相关肽样免疫反应性）的纤维。这些结果表明，一氧化氮可能作为一种共递质（与乙酰胆碱、P物质、血管活性肠肽和降钙素基因相关肽一起）在汗腺运动神经元中起作用，并（与乙酰胆碱和血管活性肠肽一起）在血管舒张神经元中起作用。汗腺运动神经元的侧支可能支配皮肤血管，并释放包括一氧化氮在内的血管舒张递质，从而引起血管舒张，为汗液形成提供液体供应。或者，支配皮肤的独立血管舒张神经元可能与汗腺运动神经元具有相同的化学编码。
