Compartment pressure monitoring during intramedullary fixation of tibial fractures.

Twenty-six legs in 25 patients were monitored prospectively for compartment pressures during intramedullary nailing of open and closed tibial shaft fractures. Twenty-three patients were treated within 24 hours of admission. Twenty-three unreamed and three reamed intramedullary rods were utilized. Compartment pressures were measured initially, following fracture reduction, and during reaming. Pressures were also measured at the completion of nailing with the ankle dorsiflexed and at rest (plantar flexed) to determine positional effects on compartment pressures. Nine fractures (35%) were found to have persistently elevated pressures (> 40 mm Hg) and underwent immediate four-compartment fasciotomy. The remaining group of 17 fractures (65%) was monitored throughout the intraoperative period. No patient monitored intraoperatively developed postoperative compartment syndrome.