Orlow S J
Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA.
Pediatr Rev. 1995 Oct;16(10):365-9. doi: 10.1542/pir.16-10-365.
Although rare, melanomas do occur in children and adolescents. Pediatricians should be aware of the clinical features of melanoma and the risk factors for developing this malignancy. Children at high risk for melanoma should have at least annual cutaneous examinations in search of suspicious lesions. If a lesion is suspected of being a melanoma, it should be removed surgically and submitted for pathologic examination. Education of parents and children about the deleterious effects of ultraviolet light affords a means of counteracting the increasing incidence of melanoma at the grassroots level. The use of sunscreens, hats, and other protective clothing and the judicious timing of daily solar exposure should serve to prevent sunburning, limit tanning, and decrease the incidence of melanoma and other more common cutaneous malignancies, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
尽管罕见，但黑色素瘤确实会发生在儿童和青少年身上。儿科医生应该了解黑色素瘤的临床特征以及发生这种恶性肿瘤的风险因素。黑色素瘤高危儿童至少应每年进行一次皮肤检查，以寻找可疑病变。如果怀疑某一病变是黑色素瘤，应通过手术切除并送去做病理检查。对家长和儿童进行关于紫外线有害影响的教育，是在基层应对黑色素瘤发病率不断上升的一种方法。使用防晒霜、帽子和其他防护服，并合理安排每日晒太阳的时间，应有助于预防晒伤、减少晒黑，并降低黑色素瘤以及其他更常见的皮肤恶性肿瘤（如基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌）的发病率。
