Fungal arthritis. A review.

Fungal arthritis (FA) due to a candida infection was reviewed in English literature and described in 45 cases. The increasing use of potent antibiotics, immunosuppressives, and especially the use of artificial joints, predisposed to the infection. Weightbearing joints, particularly the knees, were most frequently affected. Symptoms were described as a warm, tender and swollen joint, and the duration of symptoms prediagnosis was described as being up to 4 years. Amphotericin B was the treatment drug of choice, and in cases of no response, supplemented with either flucytosine or ketoconazole. Local FA healed in all cases. FA in an artificial joint resulted in all cases in removal of the prostheses. Mortality in systemic fungal infections including FA was 50%.