Johnson H, Hillary I B, McQuoid G, Gilmer B A
Eastern Health Board, Community Care Area 2, Dublin, Ireland.
Vaccine. 1995 Apr;13(6):533-7. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(94)00021-e.
Following the introduction of a national measles and subsequent MMR vaccination programme, to determine the susceptibility of 3-14-year-old children to measles, mumps and rubella and to relate the results to the epidemiology of measles and the need for vaccination policy changes.
Cross-sectional sero-survey and trends in measles notifications and mortality.
Paediatric hospital outpatient departments in Dublin.
Sera were collected from 837 children attending the clinics in 1991 and 1992.
The prevalence of antibodies in children aged 3-6, 7-10 and 11-14 years was 84, 83 and 95% for measles; 48, 60 and 65% for mumps; and 78, 63 and 74% for rubella, respectively. The prevalence of mumps antibodies may be underestimated. Ninety-six per cent of girls aged 13-14 years had rubella antibodies. A widespread outbreak of measles occurred in 1993. Over recent years, an increasing proportion of measles notifications were in older children.
Given sub-optimal uptake of MMR vaccine, outbreaks of infection in pre- and primary school children are inevitable. In such circumstances, a 2-shot MMR vaccine programme with high uptake is essential to prevent a shift of disease into older age groups.
在全国引入麻疹及随后的麻腮风联合疫苗接种计划后，确定3至14岁儿童对麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的易感性，并将结果与麻疹流行病学及疫苗接种政策改变的必要性相关联。
横断面血清学调查以及麻疹通报和死亡率趋势。
都柏林的儿科医院门诊部。
1991年和1992年从就诊于诊所的837名儿童中采集血清。
3至6岁、7至10岁和11至14岁儿童中麻疹抗体的流行率分别为84%、83%和95%；腮腺炎抗体的流行率分别为48%、60%和65%；风疹抗体的流行率分别为78%、63%和74%。腮腺炎抗体的流行率可能被低估。13至14岁女孩中有96%具有风疹抗体。1993年发生了一次广泛的麻疹疫情。近年来，麻疹通报中年龄较大儿童的比例不断增加。
鉴于麻腮风疫苗的接种率未达最佳水平，学前儿童和小学儿童中的感染疫情不可避免。在这种情况下，实施高接种率的两剂次麻腮风疫苗接种计划对于防止疾病向年龄较大人群转移至关重要。
