Levison M E
Medical College of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1995 Sep;9(3):483-95.
Pharmacodynamics of an antimicrobial agent relate the time course of concentrations of the drug to the antimicrobial effects at the site of infection. Antimicrobial agents can be divided into three main groups, based on antimicrobial pharmacodynamic characteristics: 1) agents that exhibit concentration-dependent bactericidal activity over a wide range of drug concentrations (e.g., the aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones); 2) agents that exhibit time-dependent bactericidal activity that has little relationship to the magnitude of the drug concentrations, as long as the concentrations are above a minimally effective level (e.g., vancomycin and beta- lactam antibiotics); and 3) agents that exhibit predominantly a bacteriostatic effect. Knowledge of the antimicrobial pharmacodynamic characteristics provides a more rational basis for determination of optimal dosing regimens in terms of size of the dose and length of the dosing interval.
抗菌药物的药效学将药物浓度的时间进程与感染部位的抗菌效果联系起来。基于抗菌药物的药效学特征，抗菌药物可分为三大类：1）在广泛的药物浓度范围内表现出浓度依赖性杀菌活性的药物（如氨基糖苷类和氟喹诺酮类）；2）只要浓度高于最低有效水平，就表现出与药物浓度大小关系不大的时间依赖性杀菌活性的药物（如万古霉素和β-内酰胺类抗生素）；3）主要表现出抑菌作用的药物。了解抗菌药物的药效学特征为根据剂量大小和给药间隔时间确定最佳给药方案提供了更合理的依据。
