Radanov B P, Bassetti C
Psychiatrische Universitätspoliklinik, Bern.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 1995 Nov 14;84(46):1335-41.
Delirium, i.e. an acute confusional state, is frequently observed in a general hospital. Prevalence of delirium increases with higher age, usually in patients with cognitive deficits (e.g. signs indicative of some dementia) and particularly in those older patients with severe somatic illness. Symptoms of delirium are considerably uniform irrespective of different etiological causes; however, delirium is frequently underrecognized, which may lead to several complications and higher mortality rates. In this article the authors summarize data on prevalence, symptomatology as well as etiology and pathogenesis of delirium. In addition, syndromes which may have symptoms similar to delirium are discussed, and their treatment is recommended.
谵妄，即急性意识模糊状态，在综合医院中经常可见。谵妄的患病率随年龄增长而增加，通常见于有认知缺陷的患者（如提示某些痴呆的体征），尤其是患有严重躯体疾病的老年患者。无论病因如何，谵妄的症状相当一致；然而，谵妄常常未被充分认识，这可能导致多种并发症和更高的死亡率。在本文中，作者总结了关于谵妄的患病率、症状学以及病因和发病机制的数据。此外，还讨论了可能具有与谵妄相似症状的综合征，并推荐了其治疗方法。
