Bayés de Luna A, Cadierno M
Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona.
Rev Esp Cardiol. 1995;48 Suppl 4:35-9.
Arterial hypertension can cause left ventricular hypertrophy and consequent hypertensive cardiopathy, a condition that is associated with the development of heart failure, arrhythmia and ischemia. Electrocardiography is the oldest and simplest method for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy: nevertheless, though established electrocardiographic criteria are highly specific, their sensitivity is low, far below that of echocardiography. There are, however, new electrocardiographic criteria with improved sensitivity; moreover, the presence of electrocardiographic signs of hypertrophy in a hypertensive patient makes a diagnosis of hypertrophy highly probable. The Holter monitor has many applications in the assessment of hypertensive patients. It identifies auricular and ventricular arrhythmias in terms of anatomical patterns, and can be used to evaluate drug response and detect the presence of silent ischemia and sudden death. In conclusion, electrocardiography is an easily accessible tool and a highly useful one in the management of hypertensive patients, in spite of its limitations.
动脉高血压可导致左心室肥厚及随之而来的高血压性心脏病，这种情况与心力衰竭、心律失常和缺血的发生有关。心电图是诊断左心室肥厚最古老、最简单的方法：然而，尽管既定的心电图标准具有高度特异性，但其敏感性较低，远低于超声心动图。不过，有一些敏感性有所提高的新心电图标准；此外，高血压患者出现心电图肥厚征象使肥厚的诊断极有可能。动态心电图监测在高血压患者评估中有许多应用。它能根据解剖模式识别房性和室性心律失常，可用于评估药物反应以及检测无症状性缺血和猝死的存在。总之，尽管存在局限性，但心电图仍是高血压患者管理中一种易于获取且非常有用的工具。
