Schwager K, Helms J
Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkranke Würzburg.
Laryngorhinootologie. 1995 Sep;74(9):549-52. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-997799.
Between 1987 and 1993, 4500 tympanoplasties and stapedectomies were performed at the ENT Department of the University of Würzburg. In 134 cases, surgery was performed for malformation of the middle ear. The surgery reports of these patients were analyzed for anomalies of the facial nerve. Forty cases (29.9%) showed an anomaly of the facial nerve, more often congenital aural atresia or major malformation (30.4%) than minor malformation (29.1%). The most frequent finding was a dislocation of the nerve over the oval niche and resulting narrowing of the oval window (22 cases). Eleven cases showed the facial nerve without bony covers, in two cases there was an exposed nerve over the oval niche. An acute-angled course between horizontal and vertical segment in the mastoid, doubling of the nerve, lateralization of the mastoidal segment, and anterior shift of the Fallopian canal in the mastoid were observed once. To reduce the risk of facial nerve injury, high resolution CT scan studies should be performed before surgery in the presence of congenital aural atresia.
1987年至1993年间，维尔茨堡大学耳鼻喉科进行了4500例鼓室成形术和镫骨切除术。其中134例因中耳畸形而进行手术。对这些患者的手术报告进行面神经异常分析。40例（29.9%）显示面神经异常，先天性耳道闭锁或严重畸形（30.4%）比轻微畸形（29.1%）更常见。最常见的发现是神经在椭圆窗龛上方脱位，导致椭圆窗狭窄（22例）。11例显示面神经无骨质覆盖，2例在椭圆窗龛上方有暴露的神经。乳突内水平段和垂直段之间呈锐角走行、神经双支、乳突段侧移以及乳突内面神经管前移各观察到1例。为降低面神经损伤风险，对于先天性耳道闭锁患者，术前应进行高分辨率CT扫描。
