Israël I, Rivaud S, Gaymard B, Berthoz A, Pierrot-Deseilligny C
Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France.
Brain. 1995 Oct;118 ( Pt 5):1169-83. doi: 10.1093/brain/118.5.1169.
Memory-guided saccades, made to a remembered location to which gaze was directed before a passive body rotation (i.e. with a vestibular input), were electro-oculographically recorded in 24 patients with various cortical lesions and in 18 control subjects. Anticipation and latency, direction errors and accuracy of the first saccade, stability of eye position in darkness and final eye position were quantified. Patients were divided into small groups, each with lesions affecting one of the following cortical areas: left or right frontal eye field (FEF), left or right prefrontal cortex (area 46 of Brodmann) (PFC), left supplementary eye field (SEF), left or right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and right parieto-temporal cortex (PTC). There were some abnormalities in the results of the right FEF group, concerning anticipation, direction errors and latency of the first saccade, but no abnormality in the accuracy of the first saccade or of the final eye position. Results in the left FEF group were normal. Accuracy of the first saccade was impaired in the SEF group, bilaterally. Final eye position was also inaccurate in the SEF group. In both PFC groups, significant and, in general, bilateral abnormalities existed for all tested parameters. Accuracy of the first saccade was impaired in the PTC group, leftwards. In contrast, the results in both PPC groups were not significantly different from those of control subjects. Our results suggest that (i) the PFC is involved in the memorization of saccade goals probably encoded in spatiotopic coordinates; (ii) the SEF, but not the FEF, is involved in the control of accuracy of these vestibular-derived goal-directed saccades; (iii) the PTC (i.e. the vestibular cortex), but not the PPC, is involved in the control of such saccades. Therefore, a cortical network different from that involved in the control of memory-guided saccades made to visual targets, with only the PFC in common, could control vestibular-derived goal-directed saccades.
在24例患有各种皮质病变的患者和18名对照受试者中，通过眼电图记录了记忆引导的扫视运动。这些扫视运动是朝着被动身体旋转（即有前庭输入）之前注视过的记忆位置进行的。对首次扫视的预期和潜伏期、方向误差和准确性、黑暗中眼位的稳定性以及最终眼位进行了量化。患者被分为几个小组，每个小组的病变影响以下皮质区域之一：左或右额叶眼区（FEF）、左或右前额叶皮质（布罗德曼46区）（PFC）、左辅助眼区（SEF）、左或右后顶叶皮质（PPC）以及右顶颞皮质（PTC）。右FEF组的结果在首次扫视的预期、方向误差和潜伏期方面存在一些异常，但首次扫视的准确性或最终眼位没有异常。左FEF组的结果正常。SEF组双侧首次扫视的准确性受损。SEF组的最终眼位也不准确。在两个PFC组中，所有测试参数均存在显著且通常为双侧性的异常。PTC组首次扫视的准确性向左受损。相比之下，两个PPC组的结果与对照受试者的结果没有显著差异。我们的结果表明：（i）PFC参与了可能以空间坐标编码的扫视目标的记忆；（ii）SEF而非FEF参与了这些前庭衍生的目标导向扫视运动准确性的控制；（iii）PTC（即前庭皮质）而非PPC参与了此类扫视运动的控制。因此，一个不同于控制对视觉目标进行记忆引导扫视运动的皮质网络，只有PFC是共同的，可以控制前庭衍生的目标导向扫视运动。
