Effects of intrahypothalamic morphine and its interactions with oxytocin and vasopressin during food intake in rats.

The effects of intra-hypothalamic microinjections of morphine (MOR) into the ventromedial (VMH) and lateral (LH) nucleus and its interactions with oxytocin (OXY) and vasopressin (AVP) were evaluated during food intake FI) in rats. Acute MOR clearly enhanced FI during the dark phase (6-24 h) of the diurnal cycle, while no appreciable changes in the light phase (0-6 h) FI was seen after intra-VMH or LH injections. Long term MOR administration into both VMH and LH attenuated the enhancements in FI seen after acute MOR during the dark phase, while FI was enhanced during the light phase. Pretreatment with OXY or AVP clearly antagonized such tolerance or reverse tolerance/sensitization development to the orexic effect of MOR. These results are discussed in the light of complex peptidergic interactions in the hypothalamus during ingestive behavior.