Identification of a novel repressive element in the proximal lck promoter.

The T-cell-specific protooncogene lck, a src-related tyrosine kinase, is under the control of two promoters that give rise to transcripts differing only in their 5'-untranslated regions. The distal promoter is transcriptionally active in both peripheral and thymic T-cells, whereas expression of the proximal promoter is highest in developing thymocytes. The proximal promoter has also been shown to be selectively activated in a number of colon carcinoma cell lines. Approximately 570 base pairs of proximal promoter sequence is required for expression in both T-cells and colon carcinoma cell lines. Protein binding studies were initiated with an oligonucleotide homologous to a region that, when deleted, causes an increase in promoter activity in transgenic animals. Two proteins with approximate molecular masses of 35 and 75 kDa were found to bind to this region as determined by UV cross-linking studies. Absence of specific protein binding is correlated with a high level of proximal promoter expression. Competitive gel retardation analysis identified a 9-base pair binding site within the proximal lck promoter that is necessary for repression of transcription in cells that contain specific binding activity. Mutants of this binding site do not repress transcription. Repression does not occur in a cell line that expresses lck and lacks this activity. These data support the hypothesis that activation of lck transcription in colon carcinoma is due, at least in part, to the loss of a transcriptional repressor.