Hersh E V, Hermann D G, Lamp C J, Johnson P D, MacAfee K A
University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sugery and Pharmacology, Philadelphia 19104-6003, USA.
J Am Dent Assoc. 1995 Nov;126(11):1531-6. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1995.0082.
Dentists often employ solutions of 3 percent mepivacaine or 4 percent prilocaine without a vasoconstrictor in pediatric patients in an attempt to reduce the duration of mandibular soft tissue anesthesia. The authors compared the time course of soft tissue anesthesia produced by these solutions with that of 2 percent lidocaine plus 1:100,000 epinephrine in 60 adults. They found no reduction in the duration of soft tissue anesthesia when employing 3 percent mepivacaine or 4 percent prilocaine instead of 2 percent lido-epi. Combining these observations with local anesthetic dosage considerations, the authors recommend that 2 percent lido-epi be used when performing mandibular block injections in young children.
牙医常常在儿科患者中使用不含血管收缩剂的3%甲哌卡因溶液或4%丙胺卡因溶液，试图缩短下颌软组织麻醉的持续时间。作者在60名成年人中比较了这些溶液与2%利多卡因加1:100,000肾上腺素所产生的软组织麻醉的时间过程。他们发现，使用3%甲哌卡因或4%丙胺卡因而非2%利多卡因加肾上腺素时，软组织麻醉的持续时间并未缩短。结合这些观察结果以及局部麻醉剂剂量方面的考虑，作者建议在给幼儿进行下颌阻滞注射时使用2%利多卡因加肾上腺素。
