Semczuk M
Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch. 1978;92(3):494-508.
The submicroscopic studies of spermatozoa were performed on 40 chronic alcoholics with the period of alcoholism surpassing 15 years (on average 19 years). After a double routine morphological evaluation of semen the electron microscopic studies were made. They revealed the following abnormalities: malformations of the head and nucleus, altered chromatin condensation, abnormalities of the acrosome which was often absent, chaotic arrangement of mitochondria or even their local absence. Double-headed spermatozoa were observed. The hitherto undescribed, in man, "whorls" were frequently observed in the cytoplasm of the head and neck. The dependence of these abnormalities on the length of the period of alcoholism was discussed.
对40名酗酒时间超过15年（平均19年）的慢性酗酒者的精子进行了亚显微研究。在对精液进行双重常规形态学评估后，进行了电子显微镜研究。研究发现了以下异常情况：头部和细胞核畸形、染色质凝聚改变、顶体异常（顶体常缺失）、线粒体排列紊乱甚至局部缺失。观察到双头精子。在头部和颈部的细胞质中经常观察到人类迄今未描述过的“漩涡”。讨论了这些异常情况与酗酒时间长短的关系。
