Kobayashi R H, Kiechel F, Kobayashi A L, Mellion M B
University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Am Fam Physician. 1994 Jul;50(1):151-7, 161-2.
Topical nasal sprays, especially steroids, have regained favor as treatment for allergic rhinitis. Nasal steroids are widely used and are as safe and effective as antihistamines in controlling symptoms of rhinitis. However, if improperly used, steroids can have side effects. It is essential that patients learn correct techniques for administering nasal steroids and understand complications that can result from nasal steroid use. New steroid drugs, such as budesonide, tripedane and fluticasone, are being evaluated and will be available in the near future. Other topical drugs, such as cromolyn and ipratropium, are also effective. Over-the-counter decongestants are helpful in reducing nasal congestion and allowing other topical medicines to penetrate effectively into the nasal cavity, but their use should be limited to no more than three days. Prolonged use of topical nasal decongestants has no place in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and can be associated with significant side effects.
局部用鼻喷雾剂，尤其是类固醇药物，已重新成为治疗过敏性鼻炎的常用方法。鼻用类固醇药物应用广泛，在控制鼻炎症状方面与抗组胺药一样安全有效。然而，如果使用不当，类固醇药物可能会产生副作用。患者必须学会正确使用鼻用类固醇药物的技巧，并了解使用鼻用类固醇药物可能导致的并发症。新的类固醇药物，如布地奈德、曲安奈德和氟替卡松，正在进行评估，不久将可供使用。其他局部用药，如色甘酸钠和异丙托溴铵，也有效。非处方减充血剂有助于减轻鼻充血，使其他局部用药能有效渗透到鼻腔，但使用时间应限制在不超过三天。长期使用局部用鼻减充血剂在过敏性鼻炎治疗中并无作用，且可能会产生严重的副作用。
