Reed E
Gynecologic Oncology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
J Natl Med Assoc. 1994 Jun;86(6):459-64.
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are proteins that play normal roles in human hematopoietic physiology. Many of these factors have been cloned and sequences. This has led to recombinant DNA technology that now allows for production of large quantities of pharmacologically pure compounds. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are two such compounds that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for human use in specific medical circumstances. This article summarizes the experience of one institution in using these two CSFs and adds brief commentary on four other CSFs that are expected to come to general use in the near future--interleukin-1, interleukin-3, interleukin-6, and erythropoietin. Both G-CSF and GM-CSF are effective in protecting patients from the leukotoxic effects of cancer chemotherapy, but GM-CSF appears to have a comparatively narrow "dosing window," wherein the agent is effective and tolerable. Future studies should address combining these agents with platelet protective compounds to improve patient safety.
集落刺激因子（CSFs）是在人类造血生理学中发挥正常作用的蛋白质。其中许多因子已被克隆并测序。这催生了重组DNA技术，该技术现在能够生产大量药理纯的化合物。粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）就是这样两种已被美国食品药品监督管理局批准在特定医疗情况下供人类使用的化合物。本文总结了一家机构使用这两种CSFs的经验，并对另外四种预计在不久的将来会普遍使用的CSFs——白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-3、白细胞介素-6和促红细胞生成素进行了简要评论。G-CSF和GM-CSF在保护患者免受癌症化疗的白细胞毒性作用方面均有效，但GM-CSF似乎有一个相对较窄的“给药窗口”，即该药物有效且可耐受的范围。未来的研究应致力于将这些药物与血小板保护化合物联合使用，以提高患者安全性。
