Rott O, Herzog S, Cash E
Institut für Virologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany.
Med Microbiol Immunol. 1994 Sep;183(4):195-204. doi: 10.1007/BF00194172.
Autoreactive T cells specific for myelin basic protein (MBP), a major component of central nervous system (CNS) protein, are frequently found in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with postinfectious encephalomyelitis. This autoimmune syndrome is a CNS complication after infections with a number of different enveloped viruses, e.g. mumps, measles, rubella, influenza and varicella. However, the pathophysiological mechanism leading to this breaking of natural self tolerance in the course of viral infection remains an enigma. A long-lasting hypothesis has suggested that incorporation of cellular (self) proteins into the envelope of budding viruses might be a possible mechanism leading to autosensitization. In a model study we demonstrate here that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), grown in myelin protein-expressing cell cultures, is highly efficient in triggering T cell responses to MBP in vitro and can prime autoreactive T cell immune responses in vivo. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that incorporation of CNS membrane components into the viral envelope and subsequent priming of self-reactive immune responses might be the common pathogenic mechanism underlying the postinfectious encephalomyelitis syndrome.
髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）是中枢神经系统（CNS）蛋白的主要成分，针对MBP的自身反应性T细胞常见于感染后性脑脊髓炎患者的血液和脑脊液中。这种自身免疫综合征是多种不同包膜病毒（如腮腺炎病毒、麻疹病毒、风疹病毒、流感病毒和水痘病毒）感染后的一种中枢神经系统并发症。然而，病毒感染过程中导致天然自身耐受性被打破的病理生理机制仍是一个谜。长期以来的一种假说认为，细胞（自身）蛋白掺入出芽病毒的包膜可能是导致自身致敏的一种可能机制。在一项模型研究中，我们在此证明，在表达髓鞘蛋白的细胞培养物中生长的水疱性口炎病毒（VSV）在体外触发针对MBP的T细胞反应方面非常高效，并且能够在体内引发自身反应性T细胞免疫反应。基于这些发现，我们认为中枢神经系统膜成分掺入病毒包膜以及随后引发自身反应性免疫反应可能是感染后性脑脊髓炎综合征潜在的共同致病机制。
