In situ hybridization in pathology.

The technique of in situ hybridization (ISH) is presented with special reference to its use in the practice of pathology. Methodological and theoretical aspects of ISH are first considered with regard to tissue fixation, probe selection and preparation, various types of labeling reactions and aspects of hybridization conditions as they relate to hybridization protocols. This is followed by a discussion about the interpretation of the results of ISH with regard to sensitivity and specificity and the importance of, and various types of, controls. Lastly, specific applications of ISH in pathology are discussed, concluding with possible future applications for ISH in research and diagnosis.