Hoyer F W, Hoyer W J, Treat N J, Baltes P B
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1978;9(3):247-53. doi: 10.2190/ef3c-flpv-8q7m-kd5y.
Effectiveness of response speed training on the performance of thirty adult women was assessed. Five young and five elderly female volunteers were tested in each of three experimental conditions: (1) one training session with cognitive feedback in which participants were given response rate information (control); (2) five training sessions with cognitive feedback (practice); or (3) five training sessions with cognitive feedback in which the number of S&H green stamp units earned was directly proportional to response rate (conjugate reinforcement). Dependent variables were (a) response speed on three paper-pencil tasks, and (b) postraining performance on twelve intelligence subtests chosen as far transfer tasks. Response speed increased significantly with training in both age groups, but contrary to expectation, young adults showed greater training effects than elderly adults. No significant far transfer effects were obtained.
评估了反应速度训练对30名成年女性表现的有效性。在三种实验条件下，分别对五名年轻女性志愿者和五名老年女性志愿者进行了测试：(1) 一次带有认知反馈的训练课程，其中参与者会得到反应率信息（对照组）；(2) 五次带有认知反馈的训练课程（练习组）；或 (3) 五次带有认知反馈的训练课程，其中获得的S&H绿色印花单位数量与反应率成正比（共轭强化组）。因变量为：(a) 三项纸笔任务中的反应速度，以及 (b) 作为远迁移任务选择的十二项智力子测试的训练后表现。两个年龄组的反应速度均随训练显著提高，但与预期相反，年轻人的训练效果比老年人更显著。未获得显著的远迁移效果。
