Viswanathan V, Fleischer D
Division of Gastroenterology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Gastroenterologist. 1995 Mar;3(1):3-13.
A review of diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer is presented. Symptomatic cancer of the esophagus is usually too far advanced for a cure to be offered. Alcohol and tobacco are the common risk factors of this disease. Endoscopy is the diagnostic method of choice. Management of cancer and survival of patients depend on the stage of the disease; therefore, accurate staging is vital in the diagnostic evaluation. Endoscopic ultrasound has become a powerful staging tool, and it must be complemented by conventional imaging. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are used in varying combinations for cure. Palliation of symptoms is important, and it is the only possible form of therapy for some patients. The therapeutic options need to be carefully considered to suit the individual needs of each patient.
本文对食管癌的诊断和治疗进行了综述。有症状的食管癌通常已发展到晚期，难以治愈。酒精和烟草是该病的常见危险因素。内镜检查是首选的诊断方法。癌症的治疗和患者的生存率取决于疾病的分期；因此，准确分期在诊断评估中至关重要。内镜超声已成为一种强大的分期工具，且必须辅以传统影像学检查。手术、化疗和放疗以不同组合用于治疗。缓解症状很重要，对于一些患者而言这是唯一可行的治疗方式。需要仔细考虑治疗方案以满足每位患者的个体需求。
